This paper highlights that food safety education needs to target changing those behaviours most likely to result in illness. To be more effective the messages should be directed towards specific audiences. Consumers’ failure to link food-handling practices in the home with foodborne illness is a hindrance in convincing them to change their behaviour. The authors recommend that consumer food safety education should primarily focus on hand washing, adequate cooking and avoiding cross-contamination. Journal of Nutrition Education 2001;33:108-113.