Legionella pneumophila entered a non-culturable phase after being starved for 33–40 days. The disinfection effects of both heating and chlorination on nonculturable cells (collected on the 4th and 35th days of the non-culturability phase decreased, indicating the development of disinfection resistance among non-culturable cells that had been subjected to starvation for 1–2 months. J Appl Microbiol. 2007;102(6):1636-44.