Effect of a Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Safe Water Storage Intervention on Diarrhea in Infants of HIV-Infected Mothers.

To reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-poor settings, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months, followed by rapid weaning if replacement feeding is affordable, feasible, available, safe, and sustainable. In the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00146380), infants of HIV-infected mothers who received antiretroviral therapy experienced high rates of diarrhoea at weaning. To address this problem, mothers in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study were given safe water storage vessels, hygiene education, and bleach for household water treatment. This study compares the incidence of diarrhoea in infants enrolled before (cohort A) and after (cohort B) implementation of the intervention. J Infect Dis. 2009;200(8):1186-93.