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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen causing intensive care unit (ICU)-related infections. Horizontal transmissions between patients have long been considered the most frequent source of Paeruginosa colonisations/infections. A review of prospective studies published between 1998 and 2005 showed that between 9.7% and 68.1% of randomly taken tap water samples on different types of ICUs were positive for P aeruginosa, and between 14.2% and 50% of infection/colonisation episodes in patients were due to genotypes found in ICU water. American Journal of Infection Control 2005;33(suppl 1):S41-9.