Assessment of benefits from use of antimicrobial hand products: reduction in risk from handling ground beef.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has been used to estimate the benefits resulting from the use of hand cleansing products (e.g., soaps and alcohol- based hand sanitizers etc). This was done by developing a model for the scenario of hand contact with ground beef contaminated with E. coli during food preparation, considering transference of bacteria to the hands, removal and inactivation by hand hygiene, and subsequent transference from the hands to the mouth. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2005;208:461-6.